Application of T-hook pre-chopping combined with capsule fine treatment technology in cataract surgery for high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the clinical efficacy of the T-hook pre-chopping combined with capsule fine treatment technology for patients with high myopia and cataract.<p>METHODS: From March 2016 to February 2019, 56 cases(80 eyes)of cataract patients with high myopia were treated in cataract department of Hebei Province Eye Hospital. They were randomly divided into A and B groups, 40 eyes in each group. Group A underwent T-hook pre-chopping combined with fine capsular treatment. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was purely performed in group B. We compared the cumulative release energy of ultrasound during operation between the two groups. We also observed the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), the amount of contraction of the anterior capsule, the degree of posterior capsule opacification, intraocular lens neutrality and complications for more than 6mo.<p>RESULTS: The cumulative release energy of ultrasound in group A was less than that in group B(12.23±3.61 <i>vs</i> 20.46±4.61, <i>P</i><0.01). The best corrected visual acuity of group A was better than that of group B at 6mo after operation(<i>Z</i>=5.328, <i>P</i>=0.002). The changes of anterior capsular contraction and intraocular lens decentration(0.18±0.14, 0.02±0.007mm)were less than those of group B(0.82±0.23, 0.65±0.240mm)(<i>P</i><0.05). In group A, there were 3mm round holes in the center of the posterior capsule, and the optic axis area remained transparent, while in group B, 13 eyes(32%)had turbid central area of the posterior capsule. In group A, there was no intraoperative posterior capsule rupture or postoperative retinal detachment. In group B, there were 2 eyes(5%)with intraoperative posterior capsule rupture and 1 eye(2%)with postoperative retinal detachment.<p>CONCLUSION: We used T-hook pre-chopping combined with capsule fine treatment technology to treat cataract with high myopia, which could reduce the use of ultrasound energy during operation, reduce the risk of posterior capsule rupture, effectively avoid the occurrence of posterior cataract, and achieve satisfactory clinical effect.

Effect of fine capsule treatment on the visual quality of diffractive multifocal intraocular lens / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of fine capsule treatment on the visual quality of diffractive multifocal intraocular lens.<p>METHODS: Ninety-eight patients(120 eyes)with DMIOL implanted in cataract Department of Hebei Eye Hospital from March 2017 to April 2018. They were randomly divided into A group and B group. 60 eyes in each group. Group A patients were treated with anterior and posterior capsular polishing and posterior continuous circular capsulorhexis, while in B group the fine capsule treatment was not performed. The UCDVA, UCIVA, UCNVA, visual quality, intraocular lens neutrality and PCO incidence were compared 6mo after operation.<p>RESULTS: At 6mo after operation, UCDVA, UCIVA and UCNVA in group A were superior to those in group B. The difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). At 6mo after operation, the amount of eccentric intraocular lens in group A was less than that in group B. The difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). PCO incidence: group A: 0 eyes; group B: 5 eyes(8.3%)in gradeⅠ, 3 eyes(5.0%)in grade Ⅱ, 2 eyes(3.3%)in grade Ⅲ.<p>CONCLUSION: In order to enhance the stability of IOL and maintain the long-term transparency of the optic axis, we performed fine polishing of the anterior and posterior capsule and continuous circular capsulorhexis of the posterior capsule. These could improve the visual quality and satisfaction of patients after surgery.

Effect of capsular LECs removal on capsular stability in patients with high myopia and cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of LECs removal on the stability of lens capsule bag in patients with high myopia.<p>METHODS: From March 2018 to April 2019, 98 cases(120 eyes)of cataract patients with high myopia were treated in Cataract Department of Hebei Province Eye Hospital. They were divided into two groups according to whether the LECs were removed during the operation. In group A, the anterior and posterior capsule were polished in 50 cases(60 eyes), while in group B, 48 cases(60 eyes)were not polished. During the follow-up period we used anterior segment OCT to detect the change of effective intraocular lens position(ELP), the eccentricity of intraocular lens(IOL)and the reduction of anterior capsule opening in the two groups, and used slit lamp to observe the occurrence and degree of PCO.<p>RESULTS: We compared the changes of ELP(0.16±0.06mm <i>vs</i> 0.55±0.07mm)and the changes of contraction of anterior capsule(0.18 ± 0.16mm <i>vs</i> 0.92 ± 0.13mm)on the first day and three months after operation. Three months after operation, we compared the IOL eccentricity of the two groups(0.02±0.005mm <i>vs</i> 0.69±0.23mm). There were differences between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). At 3mo after operation, the PCO of group A was observed by slit lamp: grade I 4 eyes, grade II 2 eyes, grade III 1 eye. The PCO of group B: grade I 16 eyes, grade II 8 eyes, grade III 4 eyes and grade IV 3 eyes. There was significant difference between the two groups(<i>Z</i>=-4.765, <i>P</i><0.01).<p>CONCLUSION: The removal of LECs could reduce the contraction of anterior capsule, decrease the change of ELP and enhance the stability of bag IOL complex, which played a good role in reducing PCO.

Current management of idiopathic macular hole / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Idiopathic macular hole ( IMH ) refers to full thickness defect of retinal neurepithelium layer in macular area with unclear reasons. Early IMH can be observed. Vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane ( ILM ) peeling is a conventional method for treating IMH. The continuous improvement and innovation of ILM surgery contribute greatly to the diversity and maturation of IMH treatment. At present, the pharmacological vitreolysis and pneumatic vitreplysis have gradual progress in the prevention and treatment of IMH. In this article we review the current management of IMH.

Detection of an NA gene molecular marker in H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses by pyrosequencing / 病毒学报

This study aimed to establish a method for the detection and identification of H7N9 avian influenza viruses based on the NA gene by pyrosequencing. According to the published NA gene sequences of the avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, a 15-nt deletion was found in the NA gene of H7N9 avian influenza viruses. The 15-nt deletion of the NA gene was targeted as the molecular marker for the rapid detection and identification of H7N9 avian influenza viruses by pyrosequencing. Three H7N9 avian influenza virus isolates underwent pyrosequencing using the same assay, and were proven to have the same 15-nt deletion. Pyrosequencing technology based on the NA gene molecular marker can be used to identify H7N9 avian influenza viruses.

A review of research on Schmallenberg virus / 病毒学报

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel orthobunyavirus, was first isolated in 2011. SBV preferentially infects the central nervous system of cattle and sheep and causes fever, diarrhea, a drop in milk yields, congenital malformations and stillbirths. Until June 2014, more than 200 scientific publications regarding SBV have been published. Although more than 20 articles on SVB were published in China, most of these articles provided only a brief introduction of the disease without fully discussing the associated disease characteristics. As a new disease, it has been made a focus of the National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases at the China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center. In this review, in order to provide a reference for research into SBV in China, we have reviewed the state of current research progress on the etiology, diagnosis and epidemiology of SBV, and vaccine development.

Progress in development of influenza virus-like particles / 病毒学报

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are composed of multiple copies of one or more expressed recombinant viral structural proteins which spontaneously assemble into particles upon expression. VLPs are non infectious because they assemble without incorporating genetic material. VLPs have structural characteristics and antigenicity similar to the parental virus because they mimick the wild-type virus structure. Hence, they are recognized readily by the immune system which induces strong anti-viral immune responses to stop virus infection. VLPs have therefore shown dramatic effectiveness as candidate vaccines and diagnostic reagent for virus. Here, in order to provide reference to the research of influenza VLPs, we reviewed the current research progress of influenza VLPs, and discussed the characteristics associated with producing VLPs for influenza virus.

Establishment of reverse genetics system for class I NDV08-004 strain / 病毒学报

Based on the genomic sequence of NDV08-004 strain (GenBank accession number FJ794269), seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify the genomic fragments by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM-Teasy vector. The fragments (named A to G) were sub-cloned into transcription vector pOLTV5 according to the universal RE site and the plasmid named NDV08-004-pO which contained the full length cDNA of NDV08-004 strain was constructed. Three helper plasmids (pCI-NP, pCI-P and pCI-L) together with NDV08-004-pO were co-transfected into BSR T7/5 cells, and the transfection supernatant was inoculated into SPF embryonated eggs to rescue the virus. The virus was rescued successfully and identified by HA and RT-PCR and sequencing. The rescue system constructed in this study provided a good foundation for the further related research.

Feasibility study on global peste des petits ruminants eradication based on rinderpest eradication / 病毒学报

Eradication can be defined as permanent elimination of the occurrence of a given infectious disease. A joint FAO/OIE announcement of global rinderpest eradication was declared in 2011. The announcement from two international organizations indicates that the rinderpest virus, like the smallpox virus, will remain only in authorized laboratories. After rinderpest eradication, the relevant researchers shifted their focus on next target-peste des petits ruminants, since they mostly share similarities in such characteristics as etiology and pathology. This paper, on the one hand, analyzed objective and subjective factors in global rinderpest eradication, and on the other hand, reviewed the pros and cons of global peste des petits ruminants eradication.

Sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants virus of Chinese origin / 病毒学报

The nucleotide sequences of P gene from a field strain of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) ("China/Tib/Gej/07-30") was firstly determined. The P gene is 1,655 nucleotides long with two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The first ORF is 1530 nucleotides long and would produce P protein of 509 amino acid residues. The second ORF is 534 nucleotides long and would produce C protein of 177 amino acid residues. The first ORF produces a second mRNA transcript of 897 nucleotides long with an extra G nucleotide at position 751. Translation from this mRNA would produce V protein of 298 amino acid residues. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence were compared with the homologous region of other PPRV isolates. At the amino acid level, the "China/Tib/Gej/07-30" shares homology of 86.10%-97.3%, 84.3%-94.9%, and 82.9%-96.3% for P, C, and V proteins respectively. Several sequence motifs in the P genes were identified on the basis of conservation in the PPRVs and the morbilliviruses.

Sequence analysis of the matrix protein and fusion protein genes of a field peste des petits ruminants virus strain from Tibet, China / 病毒学报

The nucleotide sequences of M and F genes from a field strain of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) ("China/Tib/Gej/07-30") was firstly determined. The M gene was 1 483 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame (ORF), encoding a protein of 335 amino acids. The F gene was 2411 nucleotides in length, encoding a protein of 546 amino acids. The resulting nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with the homologous regions of other PPRV isolates. The nucleotide sequences of M and F genes of the "China/Tib/Gej/07-30" was 92.4%-97.7% and 85.5%-96.1% identical to other PPRV isolates, respectively, while a homology of 97.0%-98.2% and 94.3%-98.2% could be observed at the amino acids level respectively. Several sequence motifs in the M and F genes had been identified on the basis of conservation in the PPRVs and the morbilliviruses. The 3' untranslated region of M gene was 443 nucleotides in length with 82.4%-93.5% identical to other PPRV isolates. The 5' untranslated region of F gene was 634 nucleotides in length with 76.2%-91.7% identical to other PPRV isolates.

Genome sequencing and analysis of a peste des petits ruminants virus isolate, China/Tib/07 / 病毒学报

Peste des petits ruminants virus is a member of Morbillivirus Paramyxoviridae. The complete genome of a Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolate, China/Tib/07 was sequenced and molecular characteristics was analyzed. The internal sequences of the virus genome were amplified by RT-PCR with primers designed according to the published data in GenBank, while the sequences of the 3' and 5' ends of the genome were determined by RACE. Amplification products were directly sequenced,assembled and analyzed with DNAStar4.0. Results showed that China/Tib/07 genome consisted of 15 948 nucleotides in length, encoding six structural proteins and two non-structural proteins just like other known PPRV genomes. Phylogenetically, the virus genome shared homology of 91.6%-98.1% with Southwest Asian isolates among PPRV strains and the highest homology of 64.3% with rinderpest virus among morbillivirus members.

Detection of molecular markers of amantadine resistance in avian influenza viruses by pyrosequencing / 病毒学报

Mutation in any of five key amino acid residues (at positions 26, 27, 30, 31 and 34) within the M2 protein of influenza A viruses leads to resistance against the amantodine class of anti-influenza drugs. In this study, a pyrosequencing method was described to rapidly detect established five molecular markers of resistance to M2 blockers, amantadine. The residues L26, V27, A30, S31 and G34 in the M2 protein were targeted for pyrosequencing, and 94 avian influenza viruses were used to perform the amantadine resistance analysis. Our results showed that most of avian influenza viruses were amantadine resistant, Mutations V27I and S31N were founded in these isolates.

Molecular epidemiological analysis of class I Newcastle disease virus isolated from China in 2008 / 病毒学报

Thirteen isolates of Class I Newcastle disease virus obtained from healthy poultry in China during 2008 were characterized genotypically in this study. All the isolates were proved to be lentogenic strains based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the Fusion protein gene. Molecular epidemiological analysis showed that 13 isolates could be subdivided into 2 distinct genotypes, 11 isolates belonged to genotype 2, and other 2 isolates belonged to genotype 3. Results indicated two genotypes of Class I Newcastle disease virus might widely exist in domestic poultry in China.

Sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid gene and genome promoter region of peste des petits ruminants virus of Chinese origin / 病毒学报

The N gene and genome promoter nucleotide sequence of a Chinese Peste des petits rumiants virus (PPRV) ("China/Tib/Gej/07-30") was firstly determined. The length of N gene was 1689 nucleotides with a single open reading frame (ORF). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the homologous region of other PPRV isolates. The nucleotide sequence of the "China/Tib/Gej/07-30" was 91.7%-97.6% identical to other PPRV isolates, while a homology of 94.9%-98.5% could be observed at the amino acids level. The N gene encoded a protein of 525 amino acids. Several sequence motifs were identified on the basis of conservation in the PPRVs and the morbilliviruses. The genome length of promoter region was 107 nucleotides with 91.8%-98.2% identity to other PPRV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the "China/Tib/Gej/07-30" belonged to the Asian lineage.

Design and rapid evaluation of a TaqMan assay for the detection of influenza A viruses / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To design and rapidly evaluate a TaqMan assay for detecting influenza A viruses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The probe and the primers of the assay were designed with the software packages of DNA Star and Primer Premier 5.0. Their specificity and conservation were verified through Blast in GenBank and electronic hybridization. The assay's sensitivity was compared with the standard RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The designed primers and probe were confirmed to be very specific and conserved. The assay was 3-27 folds more sensitive than the standard RT-PCR. The RT and PCR steps could be simplified into one step.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TaqMan Real-time PCR assay is specific, sensitive and easy to perform.</p>